CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY
Original Article
Sep 17, 2025 2 2

Population-Based Screening during World Kidney Day in Kazakhstan: Prevalence and Risk Factors of Reduced Renal Function

Alimzhan Muxunov 1 * ,
Zhanat Kuanshaliyeva 2,
Antonio Sarria-Santamera 1,
Venera Altynova 2,
Zhanna Kozybayeva 2,
Meruyert Madikenova 2 3,
Doskhan Kozhakhmet 2 3,
Samat Suleimenov 3,
Symbat Bayakhmetova 1,
Abduzhappar Gaipov 3 *
1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan 2 Clinical Academic Department of Internal Medicine, CF "University Medical Center", Astana, Kazakhstan3 Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan* Corresponding Author
Central Asian Journal of Nephrology, 1(2), 2025, cajn007
Publication date: Sep 17, 2025
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ABSTRACT

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global health challenge, yet population-based data from Central Asia are scarce. We conducted a population-based screening study to assess kidney function distribution and associated risk factors in Astana, Kazakhstan.
Methods: In March 2024, 636 adults were screened through convenience sampling at four major institutions in Astana. After excluding incomplete data, 569 participants were analyzed. Demographic, lifestyle, and clinical information were collected, and serum creatinine was used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Reduced renal function was defined as eGFR <90 mL/min/1.73 m². Group comparisons and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for reduced renal function.
Results: The median age of participants was 46 years (IQR 33–55), and 79.8% were women. Median eGFR was 92.8 (IQR 79.8–111.3) mL/min/1.73 m²; 54.1% had eGFR ≥90, 42.4% had eGFR 60–89, and 3.5% had eGFR 45–59. Reduced renal function was more common among older adults, females and those with hypertension and heart failure. In multivariable analysis, older age and female sex were independent predictors of reduced renal function. Awareness was low: only 15.0% of individuals with eGFR 45–59 reported having CKD.
Conclusion: This study provides the population-based evidence on kidney function in Astana, Kazakhstan. Reduced renal function was common, particularly among older adults. Findings highlight the importance of population-based screening and targeted prevention strategies to address kidney health in Kazakhstan.

KEYWORDS

Chronic Kidney Disease Screening Awareness Kazakhstan Central Asia

CITATION (Vancouver)

Muxunov A, Kuanshaliyeva Z, Sarria-Santamera A, Altynova V, Kozybayeva Z, Madikenova M, et al. Population-Based Screening during World Kidney Day in Kazakhstan: Prevalence and Risk Factors of Reduced Renal Function. Central Asian Journal of Nephrology. 2025;1(2):cajn007.
APA
Muxunov, A., Kuanshaliyeva, Z., Sarria-Santamera, A., Altynova, V., Kozybayeva, Z., Madikenova, M., Kozhakhmet, D., Suleimenov, S., Bayakhmetova, S., & Gaipov, A. (2025). Population-Based Screening during World Kidney Day in Kazakhstan: Prevalence and Risk Factors of Reduced Renal Function. Central Asian Journal of Nephrology, 1(2), cajn007.
Harvard
Muxunov, A., Kuanshaliyeva, Z., Sarria-Santamera, A., Altynova, V., Kozybayeva, Z., Madikenova, M., . . . Gaipov, A. (2025). Population-Based Screening during World Kidney Day in Kazakhstan: Prevalence and Risk Factors of Reduced Renal Function. Central Asian Journal of Nephrology, 1(2), cajn007.
AMA
Muxunov A, Kuanshaliyeva Z, Sarria-Santamera A, et al. Population-Based Screening during World Kidney Day in Kazakhstan: Prevalence and Risk Factors of Reduced Renal Function. Central Asian Journal of Nephrology. 2025;1(2), cajn007.
Chicago
Muxunov, Alimzhan, Zhanat Kuanshaliyeva, Antonio Sarria-Santamera, Venera Altynova, Zhanna Kozybayeva, Meruyert Madikenova, Doskhan Kozhakhmet, Samat Suleimenov, Symbat Bayakhmetova, and Abduzhappar Gaipov. "Population-Based Screening during World Kidney Day in Kazakhstan: Prevalence and Risk Factors of Reduced Renal Function". Central Asian Journal of Nephrology 2025 1 no. 2 (2025): cajn007.
MLA
Muxunov, Alimzhan et al. "Population-Based Screening during World Kidney Day in Kazakhstan: Prevalence and Risk Factors of Reduced Renal Function". Central Asian Journal of Nephrology, vol. 1, no. 2, 2025, cajn007.

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